Authors: Ramos-Casals M, Perez-Alvarez R, Diaz-Lagares C, Cuadrado MJ, Khamashta MA, Biological agents are increasingly used for a rapidly expanding number of rheumatic and systemic autoimmune diseases, with a growing number of reports of the paradoxical induction of autoimmune processes, overwhelmingly associated with anti-TNF agents. In this review, we analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes [...]